Under constitutional law, when is a vehicle stop permissible?

Under constitutional law, when is a vehicle stop permissible?

• A. Based on probable cause that a traffic violation occurred.
• B. Based on random patrols without basis.
• C. Based on a hunch that a traffic violation might occur.
• D. Based on reasonable suspicion that a traffic violation or criminal activity is occurring, and the stop is limited to safety checks and information collection.

Answer: (D)